What is that? Brāhmin. Brāhmin means the most intelligent class of men of the society. Philosophers, scientists, astronomers, so many, intelligent class. So in every society there is a class of men who are very intelligent than ordinary men. Then Kṣatriya. Kṣatriya means . . . kṣat means harm. One who protects others from being harmed.
Suppose I am trying to harm you. And the person who protects you, he's Kṣatriya. And who protects you? The king or the government. Therefore, those who are engaged in governmental affairs or takes the administrative charge, they are called Kṣatriyas. So the Kṣatriyas, they are in every human society, the administrator class, politicians, diplomats.
Next Vaiśya, mercantile class. That is not to be explained. In your country there are so many mercantile class. And Śūdras. Śūdra means neither intelligent nor administrator nor merchant. General laborer. Give them something, they'll work. They have no intelligence. So they are called Śūdras. So these four divisions there are.
And . . . this is . . . so far our material necessities are concerned, there is need of intelligent class of men to guide, there is need of administrators or martial class of men, there is need of mercantile class of men, and there is need of laborer class of men. So these four divisions . . .
And next, culture. Culture means brahmacārī. First, student life. He's educated in the value of life. They are called brahmacārī. They're not allowed to mix with women. Just like nowadays, the schools and colleges, the boys and girls freely mix. The brahmacārī is not allowed to mix with girls and boys. That is restriction, brahmacārī.
Only gṛhasthas, householders, they are allowed to mix freely with woman, married. So brahmacārī is not allowed. That is spiritual training. In this way there are four department of spiritual training, namely brahmacārī; gṛhastha, or householder; vānaprastha, retired man and sannyas . . . (break) (end)