Prabhupāda: Milk you are collecting. So put in the pan. I have already explained. From milk stage to yogurt, yogurt to old yogurt, from old yogurt to butter, and then water, that whey. Then butter convert into ghee, and whey you can use, instead of drinking water, drink whey. Not a single drop of milk will be wasted, if you know how to do it. And you can take as much milk as possible, because ultimately it is going to be ghee. So if you start in the cities nice restaurant, so ghee can be sold there. They'll pay for that. And they can prepare nice preparations, kachorīs, samosā, sweetballs. Or milk, if you don't convert into yogurt, then naturally it will become . . . what is called?
Brahmānanda: Curd.
Prabhupāda: Curd. So curd you can send to the city. They will convert into sandeśa, rasagullā and other preparations, and ghee. That is being done. In India the villagers, they do that. They are . . . keep cows. Convert them into curd or ghee, and ghee and curd sent to the city, they have got already regular price for that. There is no question of waste of milk at any stage. One must know how to do it. So you can keep as many cows as possible and collect as much milk from them. You can utilize. And if some of the villagers trained up, they can open nice restaurant in the city. Utilize the ghee, curd, for making nice confectionary. People will purchase like anything. Just like in our Ratha-yātrā festival, whatever sweets they prepared, all sold at good profit. Your countrymen, they did not see such nice things. And when they taste it—"Very nice."
Brahmānanda: They were selling one gulābjāmun for seventy-five cents.
Prabhupāda: Just see. (laughs) It may cost two cent. And you have got your sugar also. In this way organize. Avoid machine. Keep everyone employed as brāhmaṇa, as kṣatriya, as vaiśya. Nobody should sit down. Brāhmaṇas, they are writers, editors, lecturers, instructors, worshiping Deity, ideal character. They have no anxiety for food or clothing. Others should supply them. They haven't got to work. Sannyāsī is always preaching, going outside. In this way keep everyone fully engaged. Then it will be ideal. Otherwise, people will criticize that we are simply eating and sleeping, escaping, so many, so many. And actually that is the position. Unless one is fully engaged, oh, that is not good. That is tamo-guṇa. Tamo-guṇa, and rajo-guṇa very active, and sattva-guṇa, intellectual activity. Both of them active, only tamo-guṇa, not active. (indistinct Sanskrit) Tamo-guṇa means sleeping and laziness. These are the symptoms of tamo-guṇa. So we shall . . . (indistinct) . . . to avoid these two things—laziness and sleeping. Of course, as much you require, sleeping allowed, not more than. And keep everyone active, man or woman—all. Then it will be ideal society.
Nityānanda: Without a machine, how can you make sugar from the cane?
Prabhupāda: Hand machine.
Nityānanda: Hand machine?
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Nityānanda: Metal?
Prabhupāda: Yes, in India they manufacture hand, hand in the sugar cane, two men. Even we can prepare hand machine for . . . by cutting the wood. They do that. We are not against machine. You can utilize machine. But we should not allow others unemployed and use machine. This should be point. You can use. Use machine, that's good, but not at the risk of keeping others unemployed. This should be noted. First thing is that everyone should be employed. If you have got many men, then why should you engage machine? These rascals, they do not know. They're taking machine and keeping so many men unemployed. And the welfare department is paying them. They do not know how to organize society. And therefore hippies are coming out. Crime, criminals are coming out . . . (indistinct) . . . the government is paying for becoming criminals and hippies and prostitutes. And how you can be happy, a society full of prostitutes, hippies and criminals?
Brahmānanda: In New York City they now have one million people who are receiving welfare.
Prabhupāda: And all criminals.
Brahmānanda: Yes. All criminals, prostitutes and these hippies.
Prabhupāda: Because the government is paying for that, and they are now thinking that, "What to do about crime?" This is rascaldom. You act in such a way, then repent later on.
Brahmānanda: There was one boy from Sweden, he was our devotee. And then he fell into māyā. He returned to Sweden. Now he's getting from the government fifty dollars a week, so he's using that money to buy drugs. So now he's completely trapped.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Brahmānanda: He gets money regularly, and he can never get out of the habit.
Prabhupāda: In your country also. One keeps a girlfriend, the girl's getting welfare, and he is purchasing drugs, and then their husband goes. I have seen. Some of our students have been. I have seen them.
Satsvarūpa: That's very prominent.
Prabhupāda: And making trade. That is going on.
Brahmānanda: So this is the varṇāśrama system that you are . . .
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Brahmānanda: This varṇāśrama college . . .
Prabhupāda: Yes. Varnāśrama means everyone should be engaged. There will be no, I mean to say . . . (indistinct)
Jagadīśa: Śrīla Prabhupāda, what exactly do the . . . should the vaiśyas cultivate the fields or the śūdras cultivate the fields?
Prabhupāda: Hmm?
Jagadīśa: Is it the duty of the vaiśyas to cultivate the fields or . . .?
Prabhupāda: Actually it is the duty of the vaiśyas, but the śūdras can help everyone, the helpers. The śūdras will help the brāhmaṇas, the kṣatriyas, as well as the vaiśyas. Those who have no brain—simply they can carry out order—they are śūdras. And those who have got brain, they can act as brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya or vaiśya. They have got brain to take the initiative. First-class brain, they should be engaged in studying śāstras, writing books and in the worship of the Deity, lecturing enlightened people. This is brāhmaṇa. They haven't got to work as kṣatriya, as vaiśya. They are simply intellectuals. This is brāhmaṇa, with good character.
Jagadīśa: Distributing books?
Prabhupāda: Yes. And the distribution book can be done by the vaiśya, trade. It is a trade. Kṛṣi-go-rakṣya-vāṇijyam (BG 18.44). Kṛṣi, agriculture, giving protection to cows, and distributing or trading. If you have got enough grains, you can trade, make money. If you have got enough vegetables, you can trade. That is the business of vaiśya. So vaiśya does not require any university degree or any . . . nobody requires university degree. That is a false thing. And brāhmaṇa should be very highly learned scholar. So the brāhmaṇas will give advice to the kṣatriya how to rule, and the kṣatriya will levy tax and vaiśyas will produce food. Then the society will be perfect.