Category:Bhagavad-gita As It Is - 1972 Purports, Chapter 13 - Vaniquotes
Pages in category "Bhagavad-gita As It Is - 1972 Purports, Chapter 13 - Vaniquotes"
The following 328 pages are in this category, out of 328 total.
A
- A citizen may know everything about his patch of land, but the king knows not only his palace but all the properties possessed by the individual citizens. BG 1972 purports
- A faithful person should at first have some good association to hear of God and thus gradually become enlightened. BG 1972 purports
- A living entity appears to be born because of the birth of the material body, but actually the living entity is eternal; he is not born, and in spite of his being situated in a material body, he is transcendental and eternal. BG 1972 purports
- A spiritual master teaches his students to get free from the material concept of life by various instructions. For instance, in Bhagavad-gita we find Krsna instructing Arjuna to free him from materialistic considerations. BG 1972 purports
- Above the senses, there is the mind, which is within and which can be called the sense within. Therefore, including the mind, there are eleven senses altogether. BG 1972 purports
- According to Bhagavad-gita, one should make research by philosophical discretion into the nature of the soul. One should make research to understand with what the self is concerned. That is recommended. BG 1972 purports
- According to one's desires and activities, material nature places one in various residential quarters. The being himself is the cause of his attaining such residential quarters and his attendant enjoyment or suffering. BG 1972 purports
- Actually the living entity is originally the spiritual part and parcel of the Supreme Lord, but due to his rebellious nature, he is conditioned within material nature. BG 1972 purports
- Actually, the individual souls have spiritual senses, but in condemned life they are covered with the material elements and therefore the sense activities are exhibited through matter. BG 1972 purports
- After creation, everything rests in His omnipotence, and after annihilation, everything again returns to rest in Him. These are the confirmations of Vedic hymns. BG 1972 purports
- After the destruction of the body, both the soul and the Supersoul exist, and they go on eternally in many various moving and unmoving forms. BG 1972 purports
- After the destruction of the material body, this spirit soul is one. The spirit soul, due to contact with material nature, gets different types of bodies. When one can see this, he attains spiritual vision. BG 1972 purports
- After the winding up of material nature, these living entities are again given a chance to act in the material world and prepare themselves to enter into the spiritual world. That is the mystery of this material creation. BG 1972 purports
- All are existing in and on the Supersoul. Therefore the Supersoul is all-pervading. The individual soul, however, cannot say that he has his hands, legs and eyes everywhere. That is not possible. BG 1972 purports
- All men should take advantage of hearing from realized souls and gradually become able to understand everything. The worship of the Supreme Lord will then undoubtedly take place. BG 1972 purports
- All transformations and variety in respect to living entities are due to the body. As far as spirit is concerned, living entities are all the same. BG 1972 purports
- Although the common man is often not as capable as so-called philosophers, faithful hearing from an authoritative person will help one transcend this material existence and go back to Godhead, back to home. BG 1972 purports
- Although the living entity is always being kicked by the stringent laws of material nature, still he thinks, "I am God" because of ignorance. BG 1972 purports
- Although the living entity is completely different from the material body, he somehow becomes related. This also is explained. BG 1972 purports
- Although we do not see His head, face, hands, or legs, He has them, and when we are elevated to the transcendental situation then we can see the Lord's form. BG 1972 purports
- Although we use many articles-our clothes, etc.-we know- that we are different from the things used. Similarly, we also understand by a little contemplation that we are different from the body. BG 1972 purports
- Ananta-brahma is the Supreme Brahman Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- Any person can consider that from childhood to old age he undergoes so many changes of body & yet is still one person, remaining. Thus there is a difference between the knower of the field of activities & the actual field of activities. BG 1972 purports
- Anyone who can see three things - the body, the proprietor of the body, or individual soul, and the friend of the individual soul, combined together by good association-is actually in knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- Arjuna was inquisitive about prakrti or nature, purusa, the enjoyer, ksetra, the field, ksetrajna, its knower, and of knowledge and the object of knowledge. When he inquired about all these, Krsna said that this body is called the field. BG 1972 purports
- As explained in the Second Chapter, the living entity is eternal. There is no specific date at which the jiva was born. Nor can anyone trace out the history of jivatma's manifestation from God. Therefore it is beginningless. BG 1972 purports
- As far as disease and old age are concerned, everyone gets practical experience. No one wants to be diseased, and no one wants to become old, but there is no avoiding these. BG 1972 purports
- As far as self-realization is concerned, it is clearly stated here that bhakti-yoga is especially practical. BG 1972 purports
- As far as the eyes are concerned, they should not be allowed to see anything but Krsna. That will control the eyes. Similarly, the ears should be engaged in hearing about Krsna and the nose in smelling the flowers offered to Krsna. BG 1972 purports
- As far as the sages are concerned, besides Himself, Vyasadeva, the author of the Vedanta-sutra, is a great sage, and in the Vedanta-sutra duality is perfectly explained. BG 1972 purports
- As for acceptance of the spiritual master, that is essential, because without the instruction of a bona fide spiritual master, one cannot progress in the spiritual science. BG 1972 purports
- As for actual advancement in spiritual science, one should have a test to see how far he is progressing. He can judge by these items. BG 1972 purports
- As for the common man, if he is a good soul, then there is a chance for advancement by hearing. BG 1972 purports
- As for the knowledge outlined here, the items may be analyzed as follows: Humility means that one should not be anxious to have the satisfaction of being honored by others. BG 1972 purports
- As long as he (the living entity) is captivated by this false manifestation, he has to continue transmigrating from one body to another. Due to his desire to lord it over material nature, he is put into such undesirable circumstances. BG 1972 purports
- As long as he (the living entity) is conditioned by the material energy, the Supreme Lord, as his friend, the Supersoul, stays with him just to get him to return to the spiritual energy. BG 1972 purports
- As soon as there is a question of devotion, one must consider the relationship between the Supersoul and the individual soul. BG 1972 purports
- As the sun exists diffusing its unlimited rays, so does the Supersoul, or Supreme Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- As the sun is situated in one place, but is illuminating the whole universe, so a small particle of spirit soul, although situated in the heart of this body, is illuminating the whole body by consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- At the time of death, there are all kinds of sufferings, and they are also mentioned in the authoritative scriptures. These should be discussed. BG 1972 purports
- Atheists, agnostics and skeptics are beyond the sense of spiritual understanding. BG 1972 purports
B
- Because He (the Supersoul) is the Supreme Lord, He is present within to sanction the individual soul's desiring material enjoyment. Without the sanction of the Supreme Soul, the individual soul cannot do anything. BG 1972 purports
- Because of desires, one is put into difficult circumstances to suffer or to enjoy. This transcendental vision of the living entity, when developed, makes one separate from bodily activities. One who has such a vision is an actual seer. BG 1972 purports
- Because the monist philosophers take the knower of the body to be one, they think that there is no difference between the Supersoul and the individual soul. BG 1972 purports
- Beginning from practicing humility up to the point of realization of the Supreme Truth, the Absolute Personality of Godhead, this process is just like a staircase beginning from the ground floor up to the top floor. BG 1972 purports
- Being freed from differentiations like man, animal, big, low, etc., one becomes beautified in his consciousness and able to develop Krsna consciousness in his spiritual identity. BG 1972 purports
- Bhagavad-gita also confirms that when the Lord appears He appears as He is by His internal potency. He is not contaminated by the material energy because He is the Lord of material energy. BG 1972 purports
- Bhagavan is the last word in the realization of the Absolute Truth; one should reach up to that platform of understanding the Supreme Personality of Godhead & engage in the devotional service of the Lord. That is perfection of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- Both material nature and the living entity are eternal. That is to say that they existed before the creation. BG 1972 purports
- Both material nature and the living entity, which were existing before the creation of the cosmos, are explained in this verse (of BG 13.27). Whatever is created is but a combination of the living entity and material nature. BG 1972 purports
- By his (the living entity's) personal endeavor in association with authorities, saintly persons and a spiritual master, he has to understand his position and then revert to spiritual consciousness or Krsna consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- By knowledge of the knower, both the soul and the Supersoul, one can relish the nectar of life. BG 1972 purports
- By this knowledge, the body, the field of activities and the knowers of the body (both the individual soul and the Supersoul) can be known. BG 1972 purports
C
- Cleanliness is essential for making advancement in spiritual life. BG 1972 purports
- Clear understanding of material nature, the Supersoul, the individual soul and their interrelation makes one eligible to become liberated and turn to the spiritual atmosphere without being forced to return to this material nature. BG 1972 purports
- Consciousness is not a production of the combinations of matter. It is the symptom of the living entity. BG 1972 purports
- Consciousness is represented by intelligence, of which the unmanifested stage is the three modes of material nature. The unmanifested three modes of material nature is called pradhana. BG 1972 purports
- Consciousness is the proof of the presence of the soul, as sunshine or light is the proof of the presence of the sun. BG 1972 purports
D
- Devotional service to Krsna without deviation means engaging oneself in the nine processes of devotional service, chanting, hearing, worshiping, offering respect, etc. That process should be followed. BG 1972 purports
- Due to materially contaminated senses, we cannot see His form. Therefore the impersonalists who are still materially affected cannot understand the Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
E
- Enjoying the activities of the body is the purusa, or the living entity. He is one knower, and the other is the Supersoul. BG 1972 purports
- Even Prahlada, who, only 5 years old, was engaged in the cultivation of spiritual knowledge, was endangered when his father became antagonistic to his devotion. The father tried to kill him in so many ways, but Prahlada tolerated him. BG 1972 purports
F
- False ego means accepting this body as oneself. When one understands that he is not his body and is spirit soul, that is real ego. Ego is there. False ego is condemned, but not real ego. BG 1972 purports
- Family members can sit down morning & evening & chant Hare Krsna. If one can mold his family life in this way to develop Krsna consciousness, following these 4 principles, there is no need to change from family life to renounced life. BG 1972 purports
- For detachment from children, wife & home, it is not meant that one should have no feeling for these. They are natural objects of affection, but when they are not favorable to spiritual progress then one should not be attached to them. BG 1972 purports
- For making advancement in spiritual knowledge, there may be many impediments, but we should be tolerant and continue our progress with determination. BG 1972 purports
- From all the authoritative statements of the great sages, the Vedic hymns and the aphorisms of the Vedanta-sutra, the components of this world are earth, water, fire, air and ether. These are the five great elements. BG 1972 purports
- From without He (Lord Krsna) gives instructions as stated in Bhagavad-gita, and from within He tries to convince him (living entity) that his activities in the material field are not conducive to real happiness. BG 1972 purports
H
- Happiness and distress are concommitant factors of material life. One should learn to tolerate, as advised in Bhagavad-gita. BG 1972 purports
- He (a living entity) cannot be destroyed. By nature he is full of bliss. He does not engage himself in any material activities; therefore the activities performed due to his contact with material bodies do not entangle him. BG 1972 purports
- He (God) has no material eyes, but He has eyes-otherwise how could He see? He sees everything, past, present and future. BG 1972 purports
- He (God) is maintainer of all living entities and the witness of all activities. As far as we can understand from Vedic literature, the Supreme Lord is always transcendental. BG 1972 purports
- He (God) is situated in the spiritual world which is far, far away in the spiritual sky. That is also confirmed in the Vedic literature. BG 1972 purports
- He (God) is the proprietor of all wealth and the owner of all energy. He is the most intelligent and is full of knowledge. These are some of the symptoms of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- He (God) lives within the heart of the living being, and He knows what we have done in the past, what we are doing now, and what is awaiting us in the future. BG 1972 purports
- He (the Supreme Lord) is just like the sun, eternally luminous, but He is far, far beyond the darkness of this material world. His knowledge is transcendental. BG 1972 purports
- He (the Supreme Lord) is the original controller of the senses, just as the king is the original controller of all the activities of the state, and the citizens are secondary controllers. BG 1972 purports
- He (the Supreme Lord) mentions that in the form of time He devours also. He is the annihilator, the killer of all. When there is creation, He develops all from their original state, and at the time of annihilation He devours them. BG 1972 purports
- He (the Supreme Person) is present both in the spiritual and material world. Although He is far, far away, still He is near to us. These are the statements of Vedic literature. BG 1972 purports
- His (the Supersoul's) name is Paramatma, not atma, and He is transcendental. It is distinctly clear that the atma and Paramatma are different. The Supersoul, the Paramatma, has legs and hands everywhere, but the individual soul does not. BG 1972 purports
- How he (the living entity) is put into different bodies is explained here (BG 13.22). It is due to association with the different modes of nature. BG 1972 purports
- How the living entity comes into contact with material nature, how he is delivered by the Supreme Lord through the different methods of fruitive activities, cultivation of knowledge, and the discharge of devotional service are explained. BG 1972 purports
I
- If a bona fide spiritual master bestows any blessings upon his disciple, that will make the disciple immediately advanced without the disciple's following the regulated principles because he is a representative of Krsna. BG 1972 purports
- If anyone wants to compete with God and at the same time make advancement in spiritual knowledge, he will be frustrated. BG 1972 purports
- If he (the individual soul) thinks that although under ignorance he is not conscious that his hands and legs are diffused all over, but when he attains to proper knowledge he will come to that stage, his thinking is contradictory. BG 1972 purports
- If it is not congenial, not favorable for spiritual advancement, then family life should be abandoned. BG 1972 purports
- If one accepts a spiritual master, he can learn to distinguish between matter and spirit, and that becomes the steppingstone for further spiritual realization. BG 1972 purports
- If one does not approach, or is not able to approach, the transcendental service of the Lord, then the other nineteen items are of no particular value. BG 1972 purports
- If one is engaged in the advancement of spiritual knowledge, there will be so many insults and much dishonor from others. This is expected because material nature is so constituted. BG 1972 purports
- If one is fortunate enough to take shelter of a pure devotee, hear from him about self-realization and follow in his footsteps, he will be gradually elevated to the position of a pure devotee. BG 1972 purports
- If one makes an analytical study of these twenty-four (elements) subjects, then he can very well understand the field of activity. BG 1972 purports
- If one takes to devotional service in full Krsna consciousness, the other nineteen items automatically develop within him. BG 1972 purports
- If one understands that the Supreme is situated in His Paramatma manifestation everywhere, if one can see the presence of the Supreme PG in every living thing, he does not degrade himself, & he gradually advances in the spiritual world. BG 1972 purports
- If the living entity is put into the body of a demigod, he must act according to his body. This is the law of nature. But in all circumstances, the Supersoul is with the individual soul. BG 1972 purports
- In a Vedic mantra it is said that as he becomes learned in association with the Supreme Personality of Godhead, he proportionately relishes his eternal blissful life. BG 1972 purports
- In all cases the living entity thinks himself to be the master of his circumstances, yet he is under the influence of material nature. BG 1972 purports
- In all cases, one should be detached from the happiness and distress of family life because in this world one can never be fully happy or fully miserable. BG 1972 purports
- In Bhagavad-gita the Lord says that if anyone offers Him a flower, or a fruit, or a little water, He accepts. BG 1972 purports
- In either case, both the Supersoul and the individual soul continue. They are not destroyed. One who can see in this way can actually see what is happening. BG 1972 purports
- In every field of activities, in every body, there are two souls: the individual soul and the Supersoul. BG 1972 purports
- In his (the living entity) original state there is no doubt of enjoyment; therefore that is his real state. Because of the desire to lord it over material nature, he is in the material world. In the spiritual world there is no such thing. BG 1972 purports
- In jnanamaya the living symptom develops to the point of thinking, feeling, and willing. BG 1972 purports
- In modern society there is practically no education in spiritual matters. Some of the people may appear to be atheistic or agnostic or philosophical, but actually there is no knowledge of philosophy. BG 1972 purports
- In the Brahma-samhita it is stated, goloka eva nivasati: although He (the Lord) is always engaged in pastimes in His transcendental planet, He is all-pervading. BG 1972 purports
- In the first six chapters of Bhagavad-gita, the knower of the body, the living entity, and the position by which he can understand the Supreme Lord are described. BG 1972 purports
- In the material conception of life, we find someone a demigod, someone a human being, a dog, a cat, etc. This is material vision, not actual vision. This material differentiation is due to a material conception of life. BG 1972 purports
- In the material world that brahmajyoti the Lord's spiritual effulgence, is covered by the mahat-tattva, the material elements; therefore in this material world we require the assistance of sun, moon, electricity, etc., for light. BG 1972 purports
- In the middle six chapters of the Gita, the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the relationship between the individual soul and the Supersoul in regard to devotional service are described. BG 1972 purports
- In the original Vedas, a distinction between the soul, the Supersoul and the body is made, especially in the Katha Upanisad. BG 1972 purports
- In the scriptures the Lord says that those attracted by this material nature are undergoing a hard struggle for existence. BG 1972 purports
- In the smrti it is said: dasa-bhuto harer eva nanyasvaiva kadacana. The living entities are eternally in the service of the Supreme Lord. This is also confirmed by Lord Caitanya in His teaching. BG 1972 purports
- In the Srimad-Bhagavatam the world of the unborn, the child's stay in the womb of the mother, its suffering, etc., are all very graphically described. BG 1972 purports
- In the Vedanta-sutra also the Supreme is called anandamayo 'bhyasat. The Supreme Personality of Godhead is by nature full of joy, and to enjoy His transcendental bliss, He expands into vijnanamaya, pranamaya, jnanamaya, and annamaya. BG 1972 purports
- In the Vedic literature we find that His whole embodiment is spiritual. He has His eternal form called sac-cid-ananda-vigraha. He is full of all opulence. BG 1972 purports
- In the Vedic literature we find that in the spiritual kingdom there is no need of sun or moon because the effulgence of the Supreme Lord is there. BG 1972 purports
- In the Vedic literature, it is said: aham brahmasmi. I am Brahman, I am spirit. This "I am," the sense of self, also exists in the liberated stage of self-realization. BG 1972 purports
- In this age no one needs to change his position, but one should give up the endeavor to understand the Absolute Truth by speculative reasoning. One should learn to become the servant of those who are in knowledge of the Supreme Lord. BG 1972 purports
- In this chapter it will be also explained that out of the two knowers, one is fallible and the other is infallible. One is superior and the other is subordinate. BG 1972 purports
- In this field of activities the living entity is the enjoyer, and different from him is the anandamaya. That means that if the living entity decides to enjoy, in dovetailing himself with the anandamaya, then he becomes perfect. BG 1972 purports
- In this verse (of BG 13.26) particularly the process of hearing is strongly recommended, and this is very appropriate. BG 1972 purports
- In Vedic literature we understand that Narayana, the Supreme Person, is residing both outside and inside of every living entity. BG 1972 purports
- It is clearly stated in the Vedic literature that because of His (the Lord's) luminous effulgence, everything is illuminated. It is clear, therefore, that His situation is not in the material world. BG 1972 purports
- It is clearly stated that without humility understanding is harmful. To think oneself God is most puffed up. BG 1972 purports
- It is confirmed in Bhagavad-gita (BG 11.54) that He (the Supreme God) can be seen and understood only by devotional service. BG 1972 purports
- It is confirmed in Brahma-samhita that the devotee who has developed love for the Supreme God can see Him always, without cessation. BG 1972 purports
- It is explained in the Second Chapter (BG) that the living entity is transmigrating from one body to another just as one changes dress. This change of dress is due to his attachment to material existence. BG 1972 purports
- It is impossible to see with the material eyes how the living entity is in contact with this body and how he is out of it after the destruction of the body. No one in science can ascertain this. BG 1972 purports
- It is said in Vedic literature that one Visnu is present everywhere by His omnipotence, just as the sun appears in many places to many persons. BG 1972 purports
- It is said that the Supreme Lord has no legs like us, but He can travel throughout space because He has spiritual legs. BG 1972 purports
- It is stated here (BG 13.23) that the Supersoul, who is always with the individual soul, is the representation of the Supreme Lord. He is not an ordinary living entity. BG 1972 purports
- It is to be understood that both the Supersoul and the individual entity are different manifestations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- It is understood here that Bhagavad-gita is simply expounding the science of devotional service. Devotional service is the main and sole objective. BG 1972 purports
- It might be more clear to state that this body is the effect of the senses. The senses are instruments for gratifying desire. BG 1972 purports
- It really does not matter how these living entities or superior entities of the Supreme Lord have come in contact with material nature. The Supreme Personality of Godhead knows, however, how and why this actually took place. BG 1972 purports
- It should be thoroughly understood that birth is distressful. Because we forget how much distress we have suffered within the womb of the mother, we do not make any solution to the repetition of birth and death. BG 1972 purports
- It should be understood that His senses are not exactly like ours. Although He is the source of all our sensual activities, He has His transcendental senses which are uncontaminated. BG 1972 purports
K
- Knowledge and development of knowledge mean understanding oneself in Krsna consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- Knowledge is nothing but the preliminary stage of understanding devotional service perfectly. BG 1972 purports
- Krsna explicitly says here that the Supersoul is the controller of both the field of activities and the finite enjoyer. BG 1972 purports
- Krsna is explaining this most controversial point regarding the duality & non-duality of the soul & the Supersoul by referring to Scriptures, the Vedanta, which are accepted as authority. He says, this is according to different sages. BG 1972 purports
- Krsna says, "I am also the knower, but I am not the individual owner of the body. I am the superknower. I am present in every body as the Paramatma, or Supersoul". BG 1972 purports
N
- Naturally a devotee has no taste for unnecessary sporting or cinema-going or enjoying some social function, because he understands that these are simply a waste of time. BG 1972 purports
- Nonviolence is generally taken to mean not killing or destroying the body, but actually nonviolence means not to put others into distress. BG 1972 purports
- Now on this staircase (process) there are so many people who have reached the first floor, the second or third floor, etc., but unless one reaches the top floor, which is the understanding of Krsna, he is at a lower stage of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- Now we are fallen into the ways of the three modes of material nature according to our different karma. As such, some are on higher levels, and some are in the lower nature. BG 1972 purports
- Now, the person who does not identify himself with the body is called ksetrajna, the knower of the field. It is not very difficult to understand the difference between the field and its knower, the body and the knower of the body. BG 1972 purports
O
- Of all the descriptions of the process of knowledge, the most important point is described in the first line of the tenth verse: The process of knowledge terminates in unalloyed devotional service to the Lord. BG 1972 purports
- Once placed in some particular kind of body, he comes under the control of nature because the body, being matter, acts according to the laws of nature. At that time, the living entity has no power to change that law. BG 1972 purports
- One can never restrict the coming and going of happiness and distress, so one should be detached from the materialistic way of life and be automatically equiposed in both cases. BG 1972 purports
- One can understand that this body is matter; it can be analyzed with its twenty-four elements. That is the gross manifestation. BG 1972 purports
- One has to know how this body is constituted, the materials of which this body is made, under whose control this body is working, how the changes are taking place, wherefrom the changes are coming, what the causes are. BG 1972 purports
- One has to rise above the three material modes and become situated in the transcendental position. That is called Krsna consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- One has to understand the position of prakrti, nature, and purusa, the enjoyer of the nature, and isvara, the knower who dominates or controls nature and the individual soul. One should not confuse the three in their different capacities. BG 1972 purports
- One just has to understand this Bhagavad-gita directly from the description given by the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and all this will be clarified. BG 1972 purports
- One may be the proprietor of the body individually, but the Supreme Lord is the proprietor of all bodies. BG 1972 purports
- One must sacrifice everything to realize Krsna, just as Arjuna did. He did not want to kill his family members, but when he understood that these family members were impediments to Krsna realization, he accepted the instruction of Krsna. BG 1972 purports
- One need only chant Hare Krsna, accept the remnants of foodstuffs offered to Krsna, have some discussion on books like Bhagavad-gita and Srimad-Bhagavatam, and engage oneself in Deity worship. These four will make one happy. BG 1972 purports
- One should also know the distinction between the individual living soul and the Supersoul, the different influences, their potentials, etc. BG 1972 purports
- One should approach the spiritual master with all humility and offer him all services so that he will be pleased to bestow his blessings upon the disciple. BG 1972 purports
- One should be careful not to consider the Supreme Personality of Godhead in every body and individual soul to be the jiva. This is something like equalizing the potent and the impotent. BG 1972 purports
- One should be humble and know that he is subordinate to the Supreme Lord. Due to rebellion against the Supreme Lord, one becomes subordinate to material nature. One must know and be convinced of this truth. BG 1972 purports
- One should have a complete understanding of this chapter (Bhagavad-gita Chapter 13) with the help of the spiritual master. BG 1972 purports
- One should not confuse the painter, the painting and the easel. This material world is nature, and the enjoyer of nature is the living entity, and above them both is the supreme controller, the Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- One should try his best to distribute real knowledge to the people, so that they may become enlightened and leave this material entanglement. That is nonviolence. BG 1972 purports
- One should try to understand the distress of accepting birth, death, old age and disease. There are descriptions in various Vedic literatures of birth. BG 1972 purports
- One Vedic mantra says: tam ha devam atma-buddhi-prakasam mumuksur vai saranam aham prapadye. One must surrender unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead if he at all wants liberation. BG 1972 purports
- One who can see the constitution of the whole material manifestation as this combination of the soul and material elements and also can see the situation of the Supreme Soul becomes eligible for transfer to the spiritual world. BG 1972 purports
- One who desires to know the twenty-four elements in detail along with their interactions should study the philosophy in more detail. In Bhagavad-gita, a summary only is given. BG 1972 purports
- One who has purified his mind and senses by practicing Krsna consciousness in devotional service can see Him constantly. BG 1972 purports
- One who misunderstands a rope to be a serpent is not in knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- One who studies the subject matter of the field of activity and the knower of the field very minutely, in terms of this Bhagavad-gita, can attain to knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- One who understands the two knowers of the field to be one and the same contradicts the Supreme Personality of Godhead who states here very clearly that "I am also the knower of the field of activity". BG 1972 purports
- One's hands and legs are distributed locally, but Krsna's hands and legs are distributed everywhere. This is confirmed in the Svetasvatara Upanisad: sarvasya prabhum isanam sarvasya saranam brhat. BG 1972 purports
- Only the devotees of the Supreme Personality of Godhead are really capable of spiritual understanding because they understand that beyond this material nature there is the spiritual world and the Supreme Personality of Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- Out of these (5 stages of Brahman realization) the first 3-annamaya, pranamaya, & jnanamaya-involve the fields of activities of the living entities. Transcendental to all these fields is the Supreme Lord, who is called anandamaya. BG 1972 purports
P
- People are very anxious to be famous for their religion, and consequently sometimes it is found that without understanding the principles of religion, one enters into some group, which is not actually following religious principles. BG 1972 purports
- People in general are trapped by ignorance in the material concept of life, and they perpetually suffer material pains. So, unless one elevates people to spiritual knowledge, one is practicing violence. BG 1972 purports
- Perfect knowledge can be understood by the unalloyed devotees of the Lord directly. Others are unable to understand. BG 1972 purports
- Perfect knowledge of the constitution of the body, the constitution of the individual soul, and the constitution of the Supersoul is known in terms of Vedic literature as jnanam. That is the opinion of Krsna. BG 1972 purports
S
- Self-control means that one should not accept anything which is detrimental to spiritual progress. One should become accustomed to this and reject anything which is against the path of spiritual progress. This is real renunciation. BG 1972 purports
- Service of the individual soul to the Supreme Soul is eternal, as is clearly stated. So bhakti or devotional service is eternal. One should be established in that philosophical conviction, otherwise it is only a waste of time, ignorance. BG 1972 purports
- Simplicity means that without diplomacy one should be so straightforward that he can disclose the real truth even to an enemy. BG 1972 purports
- Sometimes we understand that I am happy, I am mad, I am a woman, I am a dog, I am a cat: these are the knowers. The knower is different from the field. BG 1972 purports
- Steadiness means that one should be very determined to make progress in spiritual life. Without such determination, one cannot make tangible progress. BG 1972 purports
- Suppose an entity is put into the body of a dog. As soon as he is put into the body of a dog, he must act like a dog. He cannot act otherwise. And if the living entity is put into the body of a hog, then he is forced to eat stool. BG 1972 purports
- Supreme Personality of Godhead, Supersoul, is the master of all living entities; He is the ultimate center of all living entities. So there is no denying the fact that the Supreme Supersoul and the individual soul are always different. BG 1972 purports
T
- The atheistic philosophers analyze this material world into twenty-four elements, and they place the individual soul as the twenty-fifth item. BG 1972 purports
- The best process for making the home pleasant is Krsna consciousness. If one is in full Krsna consciousness, he can make his home very happy because this process of Krsna consciousness is very easy. BG 1972 purports
- The body consists of the senses. The Supreme Lord is Hrsikesa, which means controller of the senses. BG 1972 purports
- The body is made of senses. The conditioned soul wants to enjoy sense gratification, and, according to his capacity to enjoy sense gratification, he is offered a body, or field of activity. BG 1972 purports
- The body is the field of activity and is composed of material nature. It is the individual soul which is embodied. BG 1972 purports
- The body is the representation of all these factors, and there are changes of the body, which are six in number: the body is born, it grows, it stays, it produces by-products, then begins to decay, and at the last stage it vanishes. BG 1972 purports
- The conditioned soul is entrapped in material existence, and he attempts to lord over material nature. And so, according to his capacity to dominate material nature, he gets a field of activity. That field of activity is the body. BG 1972 purports
- The consciousness of the living entity, although qualitatively one with the supreme consciousness, is not supreme because the consciousness of one particular body does not share that of another body. BG 1972 purports
- The description of Brahman mentioned in this verse (BG 13.13) is in relation to the individual soul, & when the word Brahman is applied to the living entity, it is to be understood that he is vijnanam brahma as opposed to ananta-brahma. BG 1972 purports
- The different manifestations of body and senses among the living entities are due to material nature. BG 1972 purports
- The distinction between the field of activities, the owner of activities and the supreme owner of activities is described as follows. BG 1972 purports
- The example is given of the sun: the sun, at the meridian, is situated in his place. But if one goes for five thousand miles in all directions and asks, "Where is the sun?" everyone will say that it is shining on his head. BG 1972 purports
- The fact is that individual living entities are eternally part and parcel of the Supreme Lord, and both of them are very intimately related as friends. BG 1972 purports
- The field is a nonpermanent material thing. However, the ksetrajna, the knower of the field, its proprietor, is different. BG 1972 purports
- The five great elements are a gross representation of the subtle false ego. They are a representation in the material conception. BG 1972 purports
- The function of the tongue is to taste and to vibrate. Therefore, by systematic regulation, the tongue should always be engaged in tasting the remnants of foodstuffs offered to Krsna and chanting Hare Krsna. BG 1972 purports
- The higher and lower natures exist due to ignorance and are being manifested in an infinite number of living entities. But the Supersoul, which is infallible, is uncontaminated by the three qualities of nature and is transcendental. BG 1972 purports
- The individual is bhakta or the sustained, and He (the Supreme Soul) is bhukta or the maintainer. There are innumerable living entities, and He is staying in them as a friend. BG 1972 purports
- The individual may be the knower of his own body, but he is not in knowledge of other bodies. BG 1972 purports
- The individual soul and the Supersoul cannot be one, at least not in the bhakti conception, the devotional conception of life. BG 1972 purports
- The individual soul cannot claim that he is all-pervading. Therefore this verse describes the Supreme Soul, the Personality of Godhead, not the individual soul. BG 1972 purports
- The individual soul enjoys the activities of a particular field, but the Supersoul is present not as finite enjoyer nor as one taking part in bodily activities, but as the witness, overseer, permitter and supreme enjoyer. BG 1972 purports
- The individual soul, having become conditioned by material nature, is not supreme. The Supreme is different from the individual soul. The Supreme Lord can extend His hand without limit; the individual soul cannot. BG 1972 purports
- The intelligent person who places his faith in the Paramatma or the Supreme Personality of Godhead begins to advance toward a blissful eternal life of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- The king is the original proprietor of the kingdom, and the citizen is the secondary proprietor. Similarly, the Supreme Lord is the supreme proprietor of all bodies. BG 1972 purports
- The knower of the body is never born and never dies, and he is full of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- The living entities are also in Him, and because they are conditioned, they are adverse to serving the Supreme Lord. Thus they are not allowed to enter into the spiritual sky. BG 1972 purports
- The living entities are subordinate under all circumstances, but in their forgetfulness they are suffering. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity can be situated either in the material energy or the spiritual energy. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity has the tendency to reject the sanction of the Supreme Lord and act independantly in an attempt to dominate the supreme nature, and because he has this tendency, he is called the marginal energy of the Supreme Lord. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity has to change that conception (of material desires). That change can be effected only by hearing from authoritative sources. The best example is here (BG): Arjuna is hearing the science of God from Krsna. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity has to revert to spiritual consciousness or KC. Then it is certain that he will never come again into this material existence; he will be transferred into the spiritual world for a blissful eternal life of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity is in the category of His energy, and the Supersoul is in the category of His personal expansion. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity is within the body & that the body is changing from childhood to boyhood & from boyhood to youth & from youth to old age, and the person who owns the body knows that the body is changing. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity, by accepting his material existence as just so much suffering, can become situated in his spiritual existence. BG 1972 purports
- The living entity, if he submits to this hearing process, will lose his long-cherished desire to dominate material nature, and gradually and proportionately, as he reduces his long desire to dominate, he comes to enjoy spiritual happiness. BG 1972 pur
- The living symptoms, represented by consciousness and conviction, are the manifestation of the subtle body-mind, ego and intelligence. These subtle elements are included within the field of activities. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord also says: "I am also the knower." This means that He is the superknower; the individual soul knows only his particular body. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord has described in summary the body, knowledge and the knowable. This knowledge is of three things: the knower, the knowable and the process of knowing. Combined, these are called vijnanam, or the science of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord has explained the field of activities & the knower of the field. He has also explained the process of knowing the knower of the field of activities. Now He is explaining the knowable, both the soul & the Supersoul respectively. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord informs Arjuna that the conditioned soul can be divided into two classes as far as man's search for self-realization is concerned. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord is always eager to take the living entity back to the spiritual energy, but due to his minute independence, the individual entity is continually rejecting the association of spiritual light. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord is describing the field of activities and the knower of the field of activities in their constitutional positions. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord is not impersonal; He has His eyes, legs, hands and everything else, and because we are part and parcel of the Supreme Lord we also have these things. But His hands, legs, eyes and senses are not contaminated by material nature. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord is situated in everyone's heart as the Supersoul. Does that mean that He has become divided? No. Actually, He is one. BG 1972 purports
- The Lord says that He is the representation of Paramatma in every body. He is different from the individual soul; He is parah, transcendental. BG 1972 purports
- The material conception of life makes us very eager to receive honor from others, but from the point of view of a man in perfect knowledge-who knows that he is not this body-anything, honor or dishonor, pertaining to this body is useless. BG 1972 purports
- The material manifestation is from the energy of the Supreme Lord and so also are the living entities, but they are of the superior energy. Both of them existed before this cosmos was manifested. BG 1972 purports
- The material nature is created by Him (the Supreme Lord), and the superior nature is placed in this material nature, and thus all these activities and manifestations take place. BG 1972 purports
- The mind is generally addicted to self-centered processes; but when the mind turns to the Supersoul, one becomes advanced in spiritual understanding. BG 1972 purports
- The misuse of independence is the cause of his (the living entity's) material strife in the conditioned nature. The Lord, therefore, is always giving instruction from within and from without. BG 1972 purports
- The monists say that at the ultimate stage these three items (the knower, the knowable and the process of knowing) become one, but the devotees do not accept this. BG 1972 purports
- The most important and uncontrollable sense is the tongue. If one can control the tongue, then there is every possibility of controlling the other senses. BG 1972 purports
- The next and supreme stage is anandamaya, realization of the all-blissful nature. Thus there are five stages of Brahman realization, which is called brahma puccham. BG 1972 purports
- The principle of accepting a spiritual master, as mentioned in the seventh verse, is essential. Even for one who takes to devotional service, it is most important. BG 1972 purports
- The purport of this Thirteenth Chapter is that one should know the distinction between the body, the owner of the body, and the Supersoul. BG 1972 purports
- The purpose of knowledge is to understand distinctly that the living entity has by chance fallen into this material existence. BG 1972 purports
- The regulated principles will be easier for one who has served the spiritual master without reservation. BG 1972 purports
- The relationship between matter and nature is eternally going on, and this combination is effected by the Supreme Lord; therefore He is the controller of both the superior and inferior natures. BG 1972 purports
- The senses are so strong that they are always anxious to have sense gratification. One should not cater to these demands, which are not necessary. BG 1972 purports
- The senses should only be gratified to keep the body fit so that one can discharge his duty in advancing in spiritual life. BG 1972 purports
- The soul and the Supersoul are two. This material world is working by the conjunction of the soul and the twenty-four material elements. BG 1972 purports
- The soul is the master of the body, and after the destruction of the body he transfers to another form. In that way he is master. BG 1972 purports
- The spiritual world is pure, but in the material world everyone is struggling hard to acquire victims who present different pleasures to the body. BG 1972 purports
- The subtle manifestation is the mind and psychological effects. And the symptoms of life are the interaction of these features. But over and above this, there is the soul, and there is also the Supersoul. BG 1972 purports
- The sum total-body and instrument senses-are offered by material nature, and, as will be clear in the next verse, the living entity is blessed or damned with circumstances according to his past desire and activity. BG 1972 purports
- The superior position of the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the subordinate position of the individual soul are definitely defined in these chapters. BG 1972 purports
- The Supersoul exists in His all-pervading form, & in Him exist all the living entities, beginning from the first great teacher, Brahma, down to the small ants. There are unlimited heads, legs, hands & eyes, & unlimited living entities. BG 1972 purports
- The Supersoul, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is the source of light in all luminous objects like the sun, moon, stars, etc. BG 1972 purports
- The Supersoul, which is situated in all bodies as the friend of the individual soul, is conscious of all bodies. That is the difference between supreme consciousness and individual consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme has legs and hands distributed everywhere, and this cannot be said of the individual soul. Therefore that there are two knowers of the field of activity, the individual soul and the Supersoul, must be admitted. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Lord is also stated in the Vedic literature as pradhana-ksetrajna-patir gunesah. The Supreme Lord as the Supersoul is the chief knower of the body, and He is the master of the three modes of material nature. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Lord is so kind upon the living entity that He always accompanies the individual soul and in all circumstances is present as the Supersoul or Paramatma. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Lord's senses are not so covered. His senses are transcendental and are therefore called nirguna. Guna means the material modes, but His senses are without material covering. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Lord, although the source of all the senses of the living entities, doesn't have material senses like they have. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Lord, the maintainer of every living entity, devours everything at the time of annihilation. This was confirmed in the Eleventh Chapter when the Lord said that He has come to devour all the warriors assembled at Kuruksetra. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Personality of Godhead has no hands which are materially contaminated, but He has His hands and accepts whatever sacrifice is offered to Him. That is the distinction between the conditioned soul and the Supersoul. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Personality of Godhead who is expanded as the Paramatma, the Supersoul in everyone, the all-pervading Godhead. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna, is the highest authority in explaining this knowledge. Still, as a matter of course, learned scholars and standard authorities always give evidence from previous authorities. BG 1972 purports
- The Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is present as the Supersoul in all bodies, knows everything about all bodies. He knows all the different bodies of all the various species of life. BG 1972 purports
- The Vedic hymns confirm the fact that He is the origin of all living entities and the rest of all. BG 1972 purports
- The Vedic literature confirms that Brahman is concentrated transcendental knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- The word ca is significant, for it indicates the total number of bodies. That is the opinion of Srila Baladeva Vidyabhusana: Krsna is the Supersoul present in each and every body apart from the individual soul. BG 1972 purports
- Then there are the five objects of the senses: smell, taste, warmth, touch and sound. Now the aggregate of these twenty-four elements is called the field of activity. BG 1972 purports
- Then there is pranamaya; this means that after realizing the Supreme Absolute Truth in foodstuff, one can realize the Absolute Truth in the living symptoms, or life forms. BG 1972 purports
- There are 3 Brahman conceptions: prakrti is Brahman as the field of activities, and the jiva is also Brahman and is trying to control material nature, & the controller of both of them is also Brahman, but He is the factual controller. BG 1972 purports
- There are 8,400,000 different species of life, and these varieties are the creation of the material nature. They arise from the different sensual pleasures of the living entity, who thus desires to live in this body or that. BG 1972 purports
- There are different kinds of bodies, and different owners of the bodies. Because each individual soul has his individual capacity of lording it over, there are different bodies. But the Supreme also is present in them as the controller. BG 1972 purports
- There are false ego, intelligence & the unmanifested stage of 3 modes of nature. Then there are 5 senses for acquiring knowledge: the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and touch. Then 5 working senses: voice, legs, hands, the anus & the genitals. BG 1972 purports
- There are many manifestations like trees, mountains and hills, which are not moving, and there are many existences which are moving, and all of them are but combinations of material nature and superior nature, the living entity. BG 1972 purports
- There are many research scholars and philosophers who study sex life or some other subject, but according to Bhagavad-gita, such research work and philosophical speculation have no value. That is more or less nonsensical. BG 1972 purports
- There are others who also try to understand the Supreme Soul by cultivation of knowledge, and there are others who cultivate the hatha-yoga system and who try to satisfy the Supreme Personality of Godhead by childish activities. BG 1972 purports
- There are others who are faithful in their understanding of spiritual life, and they are called workers who have renounced fruitive results. BG 1972 purports
- There are others who interpret this paramesvaram to be the Supersoul. BG 1972 purports
- There are some people who are pure in consciousness and who try to find out the Supersoul by meditation, and when they discover the Supersoul within themselves, they become transcendentally situated. BG 1972 purports
- There are some philosophers who say we should give up our ego, but we cannot give up our ego because ego means identity. We ought, of course, to give up the false identification with the body. BG 1972 purports
- There are those who try to understand the Supreme Absolute Truth by cultivation of knowledge, and they can be counted in the second class. BG 1972 purports
- There are two kinds of cleanliness: external and internal. External cleanliness means taking a bath, but for internal cleanliness, one has to think of Krsna always and chant Hare Krsna. BG 1972 purports
- There are various theories regarding consciousness. Here in Bhagavad-gita the example of the sun and the sunshine is given. BG 1972 purports
- There is a manifestation of the Supreme Lord's energy known as annamaya by which one depends simply upon food for existence. This is a materialistic realization of the Supreme. BG 1972 purports
- There is Brahman realization and the realization called vijnanamaya by which the living entity's mind and life symptoms are distinguished from the living entity himself. BG 1972 purports
- There is desire, hatred, pleasure and pain, which are interactions, representations of the five great elements in the gross body. BG 1972 purports
- They (the atheistic philosophers) also come to the standard of devotional service in Krsna consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- This (material) body is the field of activity for the conditioned soul. BG 1972 purports
- This body is called the kṣetra, and within it dwells the owner of the body and the Supreme Lord who knows both the body and the owner of the body. Therefore He is called the knower of all fields. BG 1972 purports
- This body is given according to one's past desires. To fulfill desires, one is given the body, with which he acts accordingly. Practically speaking, the body is a machine, designed by the Supreme Lord, to fulfill desires. BG 1972 purports
- This body is made by material nature under the direction of the Supersoul, and whatever activities are going on in respect to one's body are not his doing. BG 1972 purports
- This hearing process is very important. Lord Caitanya, who preached Krsna consciousness in the modern world, gave great stress to hearing because if the common man simply hears from authoritative sources, he can progress. BG 1972 purports
- This is the omnipotence of the Lord: even though He is situated in His own abode, far, far away from earth, He can extend His hand to accept what anyone offers. That is His potency. BG 1972 purports
- This is the real picture of the Supreme Lord, as supreme knower of the field, the living entity, as subordinate knower, and the nature of the field of activities. BG 1972 purports
- This process of knowledge is sometimes misunderstood by less intelligent men as being the interaction of the field of activity. But actually this is the real process of knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- This sense of "I am" is ego, but when the sense of "I am" is applied to this false body, it is false ego. When the sense of self is applied to reality, that is real ego. BG 1972 purports
- This verse (BG 13.22) is very important for an understanding of how the living entities transmigrate from one body to another. BG 1972 purports
- Those who always try to establish the doctrine of monism are also counted among the atheists and agnostics. BG 1972 purports
- Those who are actually knowers of the Absolute Truth know that the Self is realized in three different phases as Brahman, Paramatma and Bhagavan. BG 1972 purports
- Those who are not associated with the soul's friend are ignorant; they simply see the body, and when the body is destroyed they think that everything is finished, but actually it is not so. BG 1972 purports
- Those who work without fruitive results are also perfect in their attitude. They are given a chance to advance to the platform of devotional service in Krsna consciousness. BG 1972 purports
- To one who is anxious to be transferred to that spiritual world, knowledge is given by the Supreme Lord who is situated in everyone's heart. BG 1972 purports
- To understand both the soul and the Supersoul as one yet distinct is knowledge. One who does not understand the field of activity and the knower of activity is not in perfect knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- Tolerance means that one should be practiced to bear insult and dishonor from others. BG 1972 purports
- Transcendental life begins when one accepts a bona fide spiritual master. The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, clearly states here that this process of knowledge is the actual path. Anything speculated beyond this is nonsense. BG 1972 purports
U
- Under the influence of material desire, the entity is born sometimes as a demigod, sometimes as a man, sometimes as a beast, as a bird, as a worm, as an aquatic, as a saintly man, as a bug. This is going on. BG 1972 purports
- Unintelligent commentators on the Gita try to divert the mind of the reader to other subjects, but there is no other subject in Bhagavad-gita but devotional service. BG 1972 purports
- Unless one is situated in Krsna consciousness, his material consciousness will oblige him to transfer from one body to another because he has material desires since time immemorial. BG 1972 purports
- Unless we have a pessimistic view of this material life, considering the distresses of birth, death, old age and disease, there is no impetus for our making advancement in spiritual life. BG 1972 purports
W
- We are being led by material consciousness, but as soon as we transfer all consciousness to Krsna's activities and realize that Krsna is everything, then we attain real knowledge. BG 1972 purports
- We cannot see or understand with these material senses. Therefore in the Vedic language it is said that to understand Him (the Supreme Lord) our material mind and senses cannot act. BG 1972 purports
- We cannot understand how He (the Supreme Lord) is enjoying His full opulence because He is always engaged in transcendental bliss. BG 1972 purports
- We should know it with certainty from the descriptions of these few verses that all the transformations and influences of material nature by the three modes are also productions of material nature. BG 1972 purports
- Whatever one is supposed to do, either for happiness or for distress, one is forced to do because of the bodily constitution. The self, however, is outside all these bodily activities. BG 1972 purports
- When enlightened by pious activities, they (living entities) approach the Supreme Lord in different capacities-as the distressed, those in want of money, the inquisitive, and those in search of knowledge. That is also described. BG 1972 purports
- When he (the living entity) is put into different bodies, he enjoys different kinds of happiness and distress. His material happiness and distress are due to his body, and not to himself as he is. BG 1972 purports
- When one can see that the various bodies of living entities arise due to the different desires of the individual soul and do not actually belong to the soul itself, one actually sees. BG 1972 purports
- When one is adapted to the spiritual life, he will not want to mix with materialistic men. That would go against his grain. One may test himself by seeing how far he is inclined to live in a solitary place without unwanted association. BG 1972 purports
- When the atheistic philosophers are able to understand the nature of the individual soul to be transcendental, they are able to understand also that above the individual soul there is the Supreme PG. He is the twenty-sixth element. BG 1972 purports
- When the soul is present in the body, there is consciousness all over the body, and as soon as the soul has passed from the body, there is no more consciousness. This can be easily understood by any intelligent man. BG 1972 purports
- While discussing the subject of this body and the owner of the body, the soul and the Supersoul, we shall find three different topics of study: the Lord, the living entity, and matter. BG 1972 purports
- Without the touch of the superior nature, the living entity, nothing can grow. Therefore the relationship between matter and nature is eternally going on, and this combination is effected by the Supreme Lord. BG 1972 purports